Skip to content

08 — Maturity Model

Design

The OCDF maturity model defines four levels, applied to each of the six CSF functions. The level names and philosophy are informed by the NIST CSF 2.0 Tiers (Partial, Risk Informed, Repeatable, Adaptive) and by the general structure of capability maturity models (CMMI); teams already using SOC-CMM (van Os) will find the levels easy to cross-map.

We deliberately use four levels rather than five: in practice the difference between "defined" and "quantitatively managed" is where most models lose their audience.

The levels

Level Name One-line test
1 Initial "It happens when someone remembers." — Activities are reactive, undocumented, person-dependent.
2 Managed "It's written down and someone owns it." — Core processes documented, approved, and executed; coverage partial.
3 Established "It's measured and consistent." — Processes are integrated, coverage is broad, metrics exist, and output of one function feeds another.
4 Optimising "It improves itself." — Data-driven, validated, trended; lessons systematically change the system.

Per-function criteria live in each function document (sections "Maturity criteria" in docs 01–06).

Relationship to tiers

Tier (10-tiers.md) selects which capabilities apply; maturity measures how well you run the selected set. Score only capabilities at or below your tier; mark the rest "above tier".

Scoring method

  1. For each function, review the maturity criteria table and the self-assessment checklist (../assessments/maturity-self-assessment.md).
  2. A level is achieved only when all criteria of that level and the levels below are met ("staged" scoring — no averaging up).
  3. Record evidence for each criterion (documents, screenshots, metric exports). Evidence-free self-assessment inflates scores by roughly one level.
  4. Plot the six function scores as a radar/spider profile. A balanced Level 2 beats a spiky profile with Level 4 detection and Level 1 governance — attackers exploit the weakest function.

Target-setting guidance

Organisation type Suggested target profile
SME, low regulatory exposure Level 2 across all functions
NIS2 important entity Level 2–3, with RESPOND at 3 (reporting deadlines)
NIS2 essential entity / DORA financial entity Level 3 across all functions
Critical infrastructure, high-threat sectors Level 3–4, prioritising DETECT/RESPOND at 4

Targets are risk decisions — set them in GOVERN, with executive sign-off.

Reassessment cadence

  • Full assessment: annually, or after major organisational change.
  • Progress review on open improvement actions: quarterly.
  • Track the score trend, not just the snapshot — the improvement rate is itself a Level 4 indicator.

Relationship to other models

Model Relationship
NIST CSF 2.0 Tiers OCDF levels are function-scoped rather than organisation-scoped, but philosophically aligned (Tier 1↔L1 … Tier 4↔L4).
SOC-CMM Much finer-grained (5 domains, ~25 aspects, continuous scoring). Recommended as a deep-dive follow-up once OCDF assessment identifies weak functions. SOC-CMM © Rob van Os, available free at soc-cmm.com.
CMMI Conceptual ancestor of all staged maturity models; not security-specific.
ENISA CSIRT Maturity Framework Focused on national/sectoral CSIRTs; relevant if your CDC provides CSIRT services externally. Based on SIM3 (Open CSIRT Foundation).

Sources

  • NIST CSF 2.0 (CSWP 29) — Tiers concept. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.CSWP.29
  • R. van Os, SOC-CMM — Capability Maturity Model for Security Operations Centers. https://www.soc-cmm.com
  • ENISA, CSIRT Maturity Framework. https://www.enisa.europa.eu
  • Open CSIRT Foundation, SIM3 — Security Incident Management Maturity Model. https://opencsirt.org
  • CMMI Institute, Capability Maturity Model Integration.

Open CDC Framework (OCDF) — CC BY 4.0. Credits: 19-references.md.